Chapter 21 of 24 · Khrimian Hayrik, 1894Գլուխ 21 / 24 · Խրիմեան Հայրիկ, 1894

Tornik's WeddingԻԱ. Թոռնիկին հարսնիք

The English translation on its own.Read in Armenian — Khrimian's original text.The two languages paragraph by paragraph.

Well, Tornik, I have grown old, and your mayrik has grown old too. Who is going to be master and mistress of this house, to earn for it and keep it? So let me give you the good news. The time has come for you to marry. You are past twenty now, I think, and you know the old patriarchal custom of the villagers. They marry their children early, so that the house will have workers coming up in it.

You can see there are only the two of us, and that we run the whole farm with hired laborers. Wouldn't it be better to have workers from our own household as well?

Never mind that, Tornik. Your mayrik and I both want to see your crown and your psak1 before we die. That is the one thing grandfathers and fathers and mothers want, to see their children and their children's children, who are the fruit of God's blessing. When God blessed our first parents, Adam and Eve, He said, "Increase and multiply, and fill the earth."2 But our house is empty, Tornik. There is not one child in it for me to pet and to love. The joy and the gladness of a family come from those dear, tender little ones. Children are a house's natural musicians. They play, they chatter, they cry, they laugh. The small living things are always in motion and never keep still. And what a delight it is for parents who love their children to see them ringed around the table, as David says, "Your children like young olive shoots around your table."3

You know, Tornik, that marriage is a law God laid down to keep the human race going. If you do not marry, the name of Papik's house and our family will be wiped out. You have to marry, build up our family life, and keep the line of the house alive.

It is true that a townsman thinks long and hard about marriage, but the peasant is not in the habit of thinking about it, even when he is as poor as a man can be. We have a saying about that. They tell of a poor villager who had nothing but one little donkey. One day, talking things over with his wife, he says, look, our boy has come of age. How are we going to marry him? And since mothers are the keener and the quicker to get their children married, which is only natural, she answers her husband, let us sell the donkey and marry the boy. Ah, what are you saying, woman? Don't you know that little donkey is our one hope and our whole support? We have no plowing and no sowing. I load brushwood on him, take it to the city, and sell it. That donkey is the only way we find our daily food. Oh, man, you think too much. God is merciful. Let us marry the boy, and God will give him his bread. And who knows, the luck of our house may turn, and instead of a donkey we may find ourselves owning a horse.

God be praised, Tornik, our house is full of good things, and we have no need to sell a donkey or a buffalo. Everything we want is at home. We will kill that great ox of ours, set the harisa4 boiling, and let the whole village eat. Do you remember which ox I mean, Tornik? One day when you were at the gutan, our great ox-plow, you said, Papik, the furrow is running crooked. And I told you, I know, Tornik. The crooked furrow comes from our ox. You do not know the ways of the world yet. Dumb oxen are not the only ones that bend a furrow crooked. Think how many men there are who crook the furrow, whose work and whose lives never run straight at all. It is because of those crookers of furrows that the world's business goes crooked. I will not tell you, my simple Tornik, how many furrow-crookers there are in this village alone. Now, by killing our ox, we are rid of the plague of the crooked furrow. Let us pray God to rid us of the plague of crooked men.

I know, Tornik, that you are talking to yourself inside your head. Papik has sat down to make a speech about my wedding, he says the wedding dinner is ready and all the rest of it, but he has not said where my wedding clothes are, or who the girl is that is promised to Tornik.

You foolish Tornik. Don't you remember, in the very first of my lessons, that I told you I had brought a suit of good broadcloth back from Stambul, and that I have kept it in the chest to this day? That will be your bridegroom's outfit. Only, once the wedding is over, you must take it off, lay it back in the chest, and wear it on feast days alone. You are a working farmer. Trousers of homespun shal are what suit you.

As for the girl you are promised to, let me tell you now and set your mind at ease. You know Murat hamban, the headman of our village. He is the one who will be our marriage-kin. His is a patriarchal house, and the whole family are good, harmless people. Headman Murat has a daughter of marriageable age named Shushan, a very modest girl, a good housekeeper and a hard worker, and you have surely seen her often enough. Our village families were alafranga long before Frankland was,5 because the life of the village people is what survives of the old patriarchal life.

There. Now you know all of it. Perhaps it had never crossed your mind, because you are a simple, straight-thinking boy, and Papik's sharp eye was always watching over you. Now get moving, Tornik. Whatever I tell you, do it quickly. There are only six days left. On Monday morning, in our village church, in front of the holy altar, facing the Liturgy, with the Gospel and the cross, the mystery of your crowning will take place. Send word today to Mkho the naghara-drummer and Mrdo the zurna-piper.6 You know that a village wedding of ours has no flavor without them. And now take our big donkey and two wineskins, Tornik. Go quickly to the village of Shahpaz, to that friend of ours, buy twelve litras7 of wine, and bring it back. But make sure they mix no water into the wine. The people of Shahpaz are not simple like us. Living close to the townsfolk, they have learned to adulterate. And what are the poor souls to do? When the townsman piles the interest higher, they mix water in too, when it is wine they are handing over instead of interest.

That reminds me. Let me tell you something to wonder at, Tornik. One day at the end of autumn I went to the Prelacy of Van, and I found a case going on there between a townsman and a villager. I sat down and listened. The townsman had brought a little jug of wine. He filled a cup and handed it to the Prelate. Holy Father, he said, drink this and tell me. Is it wine, or is it water? The Prelate tasted it. Brother, he said, it looks as though a good deal of water has been mixed into this. Then the usurer of a townsman told his story. I have so many thousand dahekans out on loan to such and such villagers, he said, and that villager who is in my debt brings me flour sometimes, and sometimes shira, the grape-must, instead of the interest, and I take it against the interest account. This autumn he brought me fifty litras of must, and in all innocence I filled my jars with it. You must understand, Holy Father, I am a man who loves his wine, and I could not wait for the must to finish fermenting so that I could drink the new wine. I kept going to look at the jars, and I saw they were not working. What is this? I said. New wine has to ferment. And then I found out what a simpleton I had been. The peasant had cheated me and mixed water into the must. I am no scholar, but this much I know. Watered must does not ferment. That is my complaint, and I beg you, Father Prelate, to see my case judged straight.

The villager was called in, and he began with this confession. I mixed no water in, he said. It may be that the water mixed itself in, because the water of the channel runs under the wall of our must-house, and we have a drain-hole there for washing the must-house out. It happened to be open, and the water ran into the must-pit. You tell it well, my son, said the Prelate, but you are not telling it straight. If the water had run in by itself, all the must would surely have turned to water. But the water in this wine has been mixed in by measure. And leave that aside. If you knew such an accident had happened, why did you take watered wine to your agha?

Holy Father, I would die for your soul. Listen to me, let me confess my sin honestly, and I beg you to judge honestly too.

Last year I brought the agha fifty litras of flour. I had weighed the flour myself beforehand. You know that the weighing-stones in the villages are a good deal heavier than the city's stones. We did that on purpose, knowing that when our goods go to the city they always come out short. And what did our agha do? He fetched some shapeless lump of a stone in from the yard, set it on the balance, and told me, this is one litra. You know how quickly a simple peasant believes a townsman. The agha began to weigh the flour, and he weighed it heavy, and heavier still, and there you are. His crooked balance brought my flour out five litras short. For the love of God, agha, I said, my flour is a full fifty litras. No, he said. Would I cheat you? That is what he said, and he counted it as forty-five. That shameless robbery sat like a pain in my heart, and I could not forget it. I made up my mind to get the same back out of the agha, so I mixed water into the must. And I did right, because our agha waters his wine anyway, so that it will not go to his head.

There, Father Judge. I have confessed my sin with an honest heart. Now make your judgment with an honest mind. Which of us is guilty, the agha or I? The one thing I am guilty of is that I did not bring the matter of the flour before your court, because I know from experience that when a townsman and a peasant go to law, the townsman wins the case. Who does not know that? And you know the reasons for it perfectly well, Holy Father. What more can I say?

Do you see, Tornik, how the villagers' eyes are beginning to open, slowly, slowly? But I have a warning for you, Tornik. Don't take this story as your model and copy the clever villager, setting fraud against fraud, because that goes flat against God's commandment. And there is this too. Once you learn to cheat, it becomes a trade with you, and a habit. Then you will not only be trying to trick the man who cheated you. You may very well deal the same way with an honest man. Better to take the wrong and the loss yourself than to wrong another man and do him harm. And better still, stay awake, keep your eyes open, and neither cheat nor be cheated.

I know, Tornik. Here I am giving you advice, and inside your own head you are saying, Papik has forgotten all about our wedding. From the wine question he has spun off another question, and he is making long, long speeches over my head. No, Tornik, no. A man about to marry needs a great deal of advice. Did you think your old Papik was rambling, and had forgotten the great matter of the wedding? No. Today is Saturday, you have brought the wine and delivered it, and everything is ready.

Tonight is the aghpanstum, the bridegroom's eve. All the young men of the village will gather, take the new bridegroom into the middle of them, and play and laugh and celebrate until it is light. Tomorrow is Sunday, and all the people of the village, great and small, men, wives, brides, girls, old women, with their little ones, will fill our wedding house. That is how a village wedding works. The door stands open. It is no townsman's wedding, where they shut the door and keep things so quiet that the mice in the rafters never hear of it.

This evening, toward dark, we go for the bride, I and all the great hambans of the village. We will bring the bride and set her down in the house. She will sit veiled on the takht, the raised divan, with the harsnkuyr, the wedding-sister, beside her like a guardian angel.

When the sexton strikes the kochnak8 in the dark before dawn, we will go to church, all of us together with the neighbors. And believe me, the church is a paradise of Adam for you, where God has come down. He will set your crown on you and bless it by the priest's hand. Think of it this way. Until today you had been asleep in your life, and now suddenly you wake, you open your sleep-heavy eyes, and a new Eve, a Shushan-lily, has blossomed at your side. The priest puts hand into hand and says, "He took the hand of Eve and gave it into the right hand of Adam,"9 and the rest of it. And in your own mind you say what our great forefather said, "This at last is bone of my bones and flesh of my flesh,"10 and the rest. The priest will read the other prayers of the mystery over you. He will take promises from your mouth and from the bride's, the whole people will stand as witness, and by God's written law the two of you will be bound to each other so fast that death alone can undo it. No hand in the world can untie it. Jesus made the Father's bond faster still in His Gospel, and said, "What God has joined together, let no one separate."11

When the crowning is over we come out of the church, and then the rejoicing takes its turn. The zurna and the naghara strike up and cry the news to the world like a town crier. Tornik and Shushan are married, and today is their wedding feast. Our brave young men begin the dry-stick play. Eh, Tornik, instead of the old steel shield, each of them winds his aba cloak or his short jacket around one arm, and two by two they fence all the way home. In front of the door they kill a sheep. That is a matagh, a votive offering, for the long sunlit days of the bridegroom and the bride.

It comes back to me here, Tornik, so let me tell you. Forty years ago, when Hayrik was getting married, I did what villagers do. I took a butter-cake, some roasted meal and a yearling lamb, and went to the wedding. When Hayrik the bridegroom was coming home from church, it came into my head all at once to make my lamb a matagh in front of him. I set the lamb on the ground to kill it. Hayrik called out from the back of his horse, do not kill it, do not kill it. But Papik had been drinking that day. His head was turned. He had become a crooked peasant. I drew the knife, the blood spurted, and then I was sorry, because I saw Hayrik's eyes fill, and he began to cry like a boy. They brought him down from the horse and took him into a room, where he was badly shaken and wept, and the wedding house turned into a house of mourning for him. From that day I understood how much tenderness Hayrik has for animals. And who filled his heart with so much compassion? He confesses it himself, in one of the dedications of his Discourse of the Cross. It was his teacher, his late uncle, Khachik agha Khrimian.12 And who had filled that man's heart? The Gospel, which he read constantly. He knew no other book.

Now it is dinner time. The hour of the wedding harisa has come, and the wedding guests are hungry. Spread the felts and let them sit down, children, great and small, rich and poor. There is no upper rank and no lower here. This is Papik's house. Great mistress of the house, give the order to ladle the harisa into the big matrat bowls, bring them, and set them on the table. My dear neighbors and friends, all you people of the village, old Papik is making you a speech. Give me a cup of wine. Papik owes the first cup to the life of our sovereign, the king of this land, who provides for his faithful subject people, governs them and keeps them. Then let us drink to the life of our king Tornik, who is made a king today13 and will be a plowman tomorrow. And let us not forget the life of our bride Shushan, who is made a queen now, and tomorrow will be the house-building, hardworking bride of Papik's house.

That leaves the cup to your own lives, my dear wedding guests of the village. Thank you for honoring Papik's house and giving glory to my Tornik's wedding. I pray the same comes to your children and your grandchildren.

Now the harisa dinner is finished, and the wedding is finishing too. Out into the yard with you. Take your places in the motley gyond, the round-dance ring. Boys, fill that great stone mortar of ours with wine and set the big earthen jar on top of it. Then let the young men of our village ring themselves around the mortar, dance the round, and sing.

Papik, Papik, light to your eyes,Tornik has been made a king,Mamik, Mamik, light to your eyes,Shushan has come to you a bride.Long life to Shushan and Tornik,and may they grow old side by side,may they bud and flower like the lily,with children and children's children.May Papik's house grow and prosper,may Tornik be a great householder,and may Papik be long of days,and see his grandson's children.May he live the measure of the patriarchs,his white hair flowering like snow,may he come to a deep old age,and die, and go into the kingdom.Then let us eat his last soul-meal,and remember him, and bless his memory.

Long life to you too, my well-mannered village brothers. You have eaten the wedding meal, and now at the end you would like to eat my soul-meal as well? You are quite right to. Our learned men in the city suppose that peasants know nothing of philosophy. How natural your longing for my soul-meal is, since the soul-meal is always the natural sequel of the wedding meal. With the wedding meal people come into the world. With the soul-meal they go out of it. May God grant it as your kind wish would have it.

But Papik has advice for you, friends. Work with your own sweat, so that every day, at your own family table, you can eat your fill. Wedding meals and death's soul-meals do not fill a belly. Leave the soul-meal to the poor wretches, and above all to the priests, who are always waiting for your soul-meal, since you begrudge them their dues and do not pay them. To speak plainly, our priests live more off the dead than off the living.

Well, my dear wedding guests, the wedding is over, and the eating and drinking are done. The wineskins are empty. The mistress of the house sends word that there is no bread left in the trough and no butter in the jar. Only a little is left at the bottom of the harisa cauldron, and that is the poor people's share.

Now, if you please, come and kiss old Papik's hand, wish Tornik and Shushan long sunlit days, say your farewells, and go home to your houses. I know you have gone without sleep, and drunk deep as well. Look, you have drained that huge mortar of its wine. A man who goes home from a wedding, they say, is heavy-headed. Sleep soundly tonight, and in the morning, the moment the dark turns to light, out to the field, out to the field.

And think about this. If you do not work at the plowing and the sowing, and do not bring the field's yield home, you will not be able to crown your children when they are grown. Can there be a wedding out of an empty house? Papik prays that God will make your work fruitful and fill your houses with plenty, so that you too can hold weddings, see the crown and the psak of your sons and your grandsons, and be comforted.

There, Tornik. The wedding guests have scattered, and now it is just you and I, Mamik, and the new bride Shushan. One single grain has been added to the small number of our family. God has sown that one grain like a grain of wheat in our family field, and you will see, Tornik, how many child-grains spring up from that one mother-seed. One day you will see the house filled with boys and girls, who will open their mouths and cheep like fledglings and shout, Papo, bread, we want bread! People believe and say that the Creator gives every creature He has made its allotted portion. Yes, we believe it. But the Lord God first prepared the portion and the bread, and made man afterward. And that portion is this earth and this soil we live on, of which He said, work it and keep it. So without work, without labor, without plowing and sowing, there is no bread for a man, and no portion.

So get ready, Tornik. The season of the autumn gutan must not slip by. Tomorrow morning we go out to the field and start our work. Now take off those bridegroom's broadcloth clothes and put on your working trousers of shal. And let Shushan take off her wedding ornaments too, take the broom in her hand at Mamik's bidding, and set the house in order, sweep it, clean it, and put everything in its place. So, Tornik in the field and Shushan in the house. If they work, God gives bread.

Notes

  1. Psak is the crown of the Armenian marriage rite, and the crowning is the wedding itself. Bridegroom and bride are crowned king and queen.
  2. Genesis 1:28.
  3. Psalm 128:3.
  4. Harisa is the festival dish of hulled wheat and meat, boiled long and beaten smooth.
  5. Alafranga means "in the Frankish (European) manner." Papik's joke is that village boys and girls see one another freely before marriage, ahead of the town's new fashions.
  6. The naghara is the double-headed drum and the zurna the shrill pipe, the inseparable pair of village festivity.
  7. Litra is an old measure of weight and capacity in the Van country.
  8. The kochnak is the wooden sounding-board struck in place of a bell to call people to worship.
  9. From the crowning office of the Armenian marriage rite, recalling Genesis 2:22.
  10. Genesis 2:23.
  11. Matthew 19:6.
  12. Khrimian (Hayrik) married in his youth, before his ordination. His wife and child died young. Khachik agha Khrimian was the uncle who reared and schooled him. The "Discourse of the Cross" (Khachi char) is Khrimian's published sermon-book on the Cross.
  13. Tagvor means "king," the bridegroom's title throughout the Armenian wedding, as the bride is queen. Hence the crowning, the psak.
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Transcribed from the 1894 printing — this chapter at the AUA Digital Library ↗

Ընդօրինակուած 1894-ի տպագրութենէն — այս գլուխը AUA-ի թուային գրադարանին մէջ ↗