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Topic:Proto-Indo-European migration
Showing 1 of 1 matching publications (200 total) · catalogue updated 2026-07-22
Journal ArticleOpen Access

An Examination of the Muški Tribe: A Multidisciplinary Approach Including Paleogenomics

Palyan, Aram · Peltekian, Seb, 2025
Bulletin of the Institute of Oriental Studies, Vol. 5, No. 2 (2025), art. 14 (Institute of Oriental Studies, NAS RA); DOI 10.52837/27382702-2025.5.2-14

Re-examines the Mushki, one of the most obscure ethnocultural groups of the northern regions of West Asia, combining textual, linguistic and, for the first time, genetic evidence. Because eighth-century BCE Assyrian scribes used 'Mushki' for Phrygia, scholarship long inferred a Balkan origin for the group; the authors find those connections groundless. Their evaluation supports a Mushki connection to Armenians but rejects a Balkan origin for both, proposing instead a migration from the Late Proto-Indo-European homeland through the Caucasus, with the Mushki settling in the Upper Euphrates region. A link to the Kaska is judged equally plausible, while a Mushki-Georgian connection is deemed unlikely.

MushkiArmenian ethnogenesispaleogenomicsProto-Indo-European migrationUrartu
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