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The Research Repository

Armenian scholarship open to all

A digital library of verified, open scholarship on all things Armenian, including Armenian history, the Genocide, Artsakh, language, and the diaspora.

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What is being done to Armenian monuments in Artsakh now is not new and it is not vandalism. Seda Parsamyan traces the demolition policy of the Hamidian massacres of the 1890s and puts the legal question directly: when a state sets out to erase a people's churches, at what point does that become cultural genocide? She works through how the concept has been defined, redefined and quietly narrowed by people who would rather it did not apply. The frame she builds is the one now being reached for over Artsakh.

Mass Destruction of Armenian Cultural Heritage during the Hamidian Massacres (1894-1896)

Parsamyan, Seda A. · 2023 · International Journal of Armenian Genocide Studies, Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 5–34 (AGMI, Yerevan); DOI 10.51442/ijags.0043
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Topic:Iranian-Armenian contact
Showing 1 of 1 matching publications (200 total) · catalogue updated 2026-07-22
Journal ArticlePaywalled

Étymologie et usages du feu (krak) en arménien classique (Etymology and Uses of 'Fire' (krak) in Classical Armenian)

Arzoumanov, Jean, 2024
Revue des Études Arméniennes, Vol. 42 (2023-2024), pp. 77–98 (Peeters); DOI 10.2143/REA.42.0.3293638

Reassesses how the two Classical Armenian words for 'fire', krak and howr, differ in usage. A close reading of Eghishe's History of Vardan shows krak in distinct contexts, especially connected with Zoroastrian fire worship, a distinction visible in the Buzandaran as well. Reviewing krak and its cognates in the Armenian Bible reveals semantic overlap, including an instance where krak means 'embers'. On that basis Arzoumanov proposes a Middle Iranian etymon for Armenian krak and its Georgian counterpart, reconstructed via a Middle Persian word for 'oven', with a semantic shift from 'oven' to 'fire' plausibly in a Zoroastrian ritual setting where fire altars resembled ovens.

Armenian etymologyClassical Armenian lexiconIranian-Armenian contactKartvelian parallelsZoroastrianism in Armenia
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What is in this repository?

Peer-reviewed and institutional scholarship on Armenian subjects — history, the Armenian Genocide, Artsakh, language and literature, the church, and the diaspora — in any language and from any country. Journal articles, books, book chapters, theses and institute publications are all in scope. Entries are chosen for what they contribute to an Armenian student's understanding, not for how recent or how famous they are.

What does 'verified' mean here?

It means a person opened the link and checked the record against the publisher's own page: the title, the authors, the venue, the volume and pages, and the identifier. The date of that check is shown on each entry's page. Where an entry has no date shown, no check has been logged for it yet, and the catalogue does not claim one.

What is the summary on each entry?

A short account of what the publication does, followed by notes on what it offers different readers — a student writing a term paper, an academic, someone reading for the community, someone new to the subject. They are meant to tell you what a piece is useful for, not only what it argues.

How do I suggest a publication, or report an error?

Use the 'Suggest a publication' link at the foot of the directory. The same address takes corrections — a broken link, a wrong page range, a misattributed author. Corrections are checked against the publisher's record before an entry changes.