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Armenian scholarship open to all

A digital library of verified, open scholarship on all things Armenian, including Armenian history, the Genocide, Artsakh, language, and the diaspora.

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What is being done to Armenian monuments in Artsakh now is not new and it is not vandalism. Seda Parsamyan traces the demolition policy of the Hamidian massacres of the 1890s and puts the legal question directly: when a state sets out to erase a people's churches, at what point does that become cultural genocide? She works through how the concept has been defined, redefined and quietly narrowed by people who would rather it did not apply. The frame she builds is the one now being reached for over Artsakh.

Mass Destruction of Armenian Cultural Heritage during the Hamidian Massacres (1894-1896)

Parsamyan, Seda A. · 2023 · International Journal of Armenian Genocide Studies, Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 5–34 (AGMI, Yerevan); DOI 10.51442/ijags.0043

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Topic:international criminal law

Showing 3 of 3 matching publications (200 total) · catalogue updated 2026-07-22

Journal ArticleOpen Access

Justice for the Victims of the Nagorno–Karabakh Conflict: Ongoing Accountability Efforts and the Path to the International Criminal Court

Paylan, Sheila · Ashraph, Sareta, 2026

Journal of International Criminal Justice (Oxford Academic), advance article mqaf055; DOI 10.1093/jicj/mqaf055

Examines the September 2023 mass exodus of over 100,000 ethnic Armenians from Nagorno-Karabakh and the legal implications of Armenia's ratification of the Rome Statute of the ICC. Analyzes potential ICC intervention focused on the crimes against humanity of deportation and persecution, drawing on the Court's Rohingya territorial-jurisdiction approach. Assesses complementary accountability avenues before the ECtHR and ICJ and the obstacles Armenia faces. The corresponding author is based in Yerevan.

Nagorno-Karabakh international criminal law ICC ethnic cleansing forced displacement

English

Journal ArticleOpen Access

Slow-Burn Destruction: Reading "Conditions of Life" into Twenty-First Century Genocide

Chakhmakhchyan, Svetah · Meyroyan, Edgar, 2025

International Journal of Armenian Genocide Studies, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 102–128 (Armenian Genocide Museum-Institute, Yerevan); DOI 10.51442/ijags.0065

Targets a gap in genocide law: the under-use of Article II(c) of the Genocide Convention: 'deliberately inflicting conditions of life calculated to bring about physical destruction', against strategies of deprivation that kill a group slowly. Blockades, sieges, and enforced isolation produce attrition that escapes timely legal recognition because the harm unfolds gradually and specific intent is harder to prove, so such acts get downgraded to humanitarian crises or war crimes. The authors clarify the doctrinal scope of Article II(c), synthesize the jurisprudence on actus reus and genocidal intent without a body-count threshold, and turn it into an early-warning and charging framework with objective triggers such as sustained supply shortfalls, health-system collapse, and repeated obstruction of humanitarian access. A proof-of-concept applies the framework to the blockade of the Berdzor Corridor.

Genocide Convention Artsakh blockade starvation as a method genocide prevention

English

Journal ArticleOpen Access

Ethnic Cleansing in Artsakh (Nagorno-Karabakh): Issues of Definition and Criminal Responsibility

Gzoyan, Edita · Chakhmakhchyan, Svetah · Meyroyan, Edgar, 2023

International Journal of Armenian Genocide Studies, Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 56–85 (Armenian Genocide Museum-Institute, Yerevan); DOI 10.51442/ijags.0045

After ten months of blockade-induced starvation and medical emergency, Artsakh was attacked by Azerbaijan on 19 September 2023 and its de facto state forced to capitulate. In the days that followed nearly 120,000 Armenians were forcibly displaced from their indigenous lands. International actors quickly reached for the label 'ethnic cleansing,' but no settled legal definition of that term exists, which creates problems of both characterization and responsibility. The article traces the historical and legal development of the concept and tests its application to the forced displacement of Armenians from Artsakh, setting it against the longer record of institutionalized anti-Armenian persecution and violence.

Artsakh ethnic cleansing forced displacement blockade international criminal law

English

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Peer-reviewed and institutional scholarship on Armenian subjects — history, the Armenian Genocide, Artsakh, language and literature, the church, and the diaspora — in any language and from any country. Journal articles, books, book chapters, theses and institute publications are all in scope. Entries are chosen for what they contribute to an Armenian student's understanding, not for how recent or how famous they are.

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