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Armenian scholarship open to all

A digital library of verified, open scholarship on all things Armenian, including Armenian history, the Genocide, Artsakh, language, and the diaspora.

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What is being done to Armenian monuments in Artsakh now is not new and it is not vandalism. Seda Parsamyan traces the demolition policy of the Hamidian massacres of the 1890s and puts the legal question directly: when a state sets out to erase a people's churches, at what point does that become cultural genocide? She works through how the concept has been defined, redefined and quietly narrowed by people who would rather it did not apply. The frame she builds is the one now being reached for over Artsakh.

Mass Destruction of Armenian Cultural Heritage during the Hamidian Massacres (1894-1896)

Parsamyan, Seda A. · 2023 · International Journal of Armenian Genocide Studies, Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 5–34 (AGMI, Yerevan); DOI 10.51442/ijags.0043

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Topic:reparations

Showing 3 of 3 matching publications (200 total) · catalogue updated 2026-07-22

Journal ArticleOpen Access

Հայոց ցեղասպանության հիմնական փուլի ընթացքում (1915–1916 թթ.) զոհված հայերի թվաքանակի հաշվումները (Calculations of the Armenian Death Toll during the Main Phase of the Armenian Genocide, 1915–1916: Sources, Data, and Methods, 1915–1923)

Tatoyan, Robert, 2025

Ցեղասպանագիտական հանդես / Journal of Genocide Studies, Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 8–45 (Armenian Genocide Museum-Institute Foundation, Yerevan); ISSN 1829-3980; DOI 10.51442/jgs.0060

Reconstructs how the Armenian death toll was calculated between 1915 and 1923, during and immediately after the extermination campaign. Tatoyan shows the earliest estimates served political and humanitarian ends: publicizing the scale of the Ottoman government's crimes, trying to halt the persecutions, and organizing relief, and that after the war the question resurfaced in diplomatic negotiations over the Armenian Question, chiefly around reparations for human and material losses. Surveying the sources and their methods (Toynbee, Lepsius, the Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople, and estimates derived from them), he finds the most widely accepted contemporary figure for the main phase to be roughly one million: about 600,000 deaths in the 1915 deportations and massacres, and about 400,000 in 1916 in the Syrian and Mesopotamian camps from starvation, disease, and the killings that followed the camps' dissolution.

victim statistics demography reparations Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople source criticism

Armenian

Journal ArticleOpen Access

Herero Genocide: History and Modernity

Manukyan, Suren · Poghosyan, Narek, 2024

Ցեղասպանագիտական հանդես / Journal of Genocide Studies, Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 82–126 (AGMI Foundation, Yerevan); DOI 10.51442/jgs.0058

The authors analyze German colonial policy toward the Herero and Nama in German South-West Africa as a genocide: an intentional extermination campaign of 1904–1908 conducted through forced expulsions, mass killings and labor camps. They trace Germany's long denial, the reparations negotiations begun in 2015, and the eventual acknowledgment of the crimes, noting that the terms of compensation remain contested. The Herero case is distinctive because General von Trotha openly declared a war of extermination, making genocidal intent explicit in a way rarely documented. The article draws parallels to the Holocaust and to the Armenian Genocide: forced marches into the desert, death by deprivation.

comparative genocide Herero and Nama colonial violence reparations genocidal intent

Armenian

Journal ArticleOpen Access

State Identity, Continuity, and Responsibility: The Ottoman Empire, the Republic of Turkey and the Armenian Genocide

Avedian, Vahagn, 2012

European Journal of International Law, Vol. 23, No. 3 (Oxford University Press)

Examines whether the Republic of Turkey bears legal responsibility for the Armenian Genocide committed by its Ottoman predecessor. Applying the doctrine that state identity and continuity survive changes of government, argues the Kemalist republic is the continuation of the Ottoman state and is responsible for internationally wrongful acts against Armenians. A cornerstone for legal arguments on recognition and reparations, in one of the world's top international law journals.

international law state responsibility genocide recognition reparations Turkey

English

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Peer-reviewed and institutional scholarship on Armenian subjects — history, the Armenian Genocide, Artsakh, language and literature, the church, and the diaspora — in any language and from any country. Journal articles, books, book chapters, theses and institute publications are all in scope. Entries are chosen for what they contribute to an Armenian student's understanding, not for how recent or how famous they are.

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