Comparing illuminated miniatures with medieval Armenian churches, the study treats painted domes as visual documentation of architectural practice, symbolism, aesthetics, and ecclesiastical culture.
Two unpublished texts in Armenian diagrammatic chronicles are analyzed alongside a miniature to compare Adam’s sins, creation places, textual origins, and Latin-Armenian influence.
The article argues that the 2020 war transformed the South Caucasus from a Russia-centered security subregion into a bipolar arena shared by Russia and Turkey.
Working from Garmravank, St. Thomas, and Goms, the author documents kilisesi, jamatun, yapım tekniği, koruma değerleri, and toplumsal hafızaya around Vaspurakan monastic ensembles.
The VDSRS landscape approach integrates հնավայրերի, ճարտարապետական հուշարձանների, մատենագիր ու վիմագիր աղբյուրների, and նյութական մշակույթի evidence to renew medieval archaeology in Vayots Dzor.
Hayruni reconstructs Johannes Lepsius's resistance to the Armenian Genocide. In summer 1915 Lepsius travelled to Constantinople, gathered materials on the events, and met Ottoman War Minister Enver: failing to dissuade him. Returning to Berlin and finding the German government unwilling to obstruct its ally despite exact knowledge of the extermination policy, he tried to mobilize the two large German churches to pressure the government, also without success; in October 1915 Berlin imposed public and press silence on the Armenian situation, and the churches complied. Lepsius alone refused, breaking with the German Orient Mission he had founded, and privately printed and distributed his confidential report on the situation of the Armenian people to Protestant congregations and Reichstag deputies. He then went into exile in the Netherlands and continued relief work.
Fully open-access volume honoring Taner Akçam, the first Turkish intellectual to publicly recognize the Armenian Genocide, with fourteen chapters by leading scholars: gendered violence, humanitarianism and refugees, survivor diaries, property spoliation, resistance, and a historiographic survey of the field since the centennial. The entire book PDF is free to download.
Sukiasyan reconstructs Hasanchelebi as a principal killing station on the Sebastia (Sivas) deportation routes, where deported Armenian men from Sebastia and surrounding regions were systematically exterminated. Drawing on Armenian survivor testimonies corroborated by Ottoman documents, he traces the phases of atrocity — from the plunder and abuse of women to the mass arrest and execution of men — and argues for the distinctive evidentiary value of Armenian-language sources in documenting the machinery of the genocide.
At independence the Republic of Armenia believed it had reliable British backing and expected diplomatic and military support from the victorious Allies in settling its borders and securing its sovereignty. The authors argue those hopes were unfounded and that Allied statements were purely declarative. The Allies entered the Caucasus for their own reasons and left for their own reasons, abandoning Armenia at its most difficult moment. With no Allied willingness to help resolve territorial questions by force, the government attempted to act alone, which led to the Turkish-Armenian war and the destruction of the First Republic in December 1920. The study works through the Sèvres framework, the capitulation, and the Treaty of Alexandropol.
Tests the terminology used to describe Azerbaijan's 2020–2023 depopulation of Nagorno-Karabakh's indigenous Armenians ('genocide,' 'ethnic cleansing,' 'forced displacement,' 'voluntary exodus') against international law. Reviews the hard and hybrid coercive methods Azerbaijan used and concludes the de-Armenization constitutes ethnic cleansing and legally meets most genocide criteria, while noting a formal genocide claim is politically fraught. The author is a PhD researcher at Sorbonne Nouvelle.
Marutyan examines historical novels, autobiographical fiction and prose published in Soviet Armenia during and after the Great Patriotic War in which the Armenian Genocide was depicted in realistic and grim colors. He shows these works portrayed not only Turkish and Kurdish atrocities but also justified attention to German participation in the Genocide, and in some cases attacked European bourgeois diplomacy for obstructing a solution to the Armenian Question. Many of the texts also carry obligatory praise of the Soviet order and of Stalin. The study covers Gegham Saryan, Garnik Stepanyan, Hrachya Kochar, Kristapor Tapaltsyan, Onik Panikyan and Paruyr Sevak.
Aghbak sub-district in Van province contained 36 Armenian villages; Matosyan uses six as case studies to document the massacres, violence and forced deportations of 1914–1915, working predominantly from archival sources. The evidence shows the systematic character of the atrocities and the active involvement of both local Kurdish tribes and Ottoman authorities. She argues Aghbak was targeted for its economic significance and its exposed position on trade routes near the Persian border. The article positions these events among the first genocidal actions undertaken by the Ottoman Empire in the First World War. That is, preceding the canonical April 1915 start date.
Examines the Ottoman state's treatment of Armenian orphans (Turkish orphanages, mektebs, and forced placement in Muslim households) as institutions of Turkification meeting the Genocide Convention's definition of intent to destroy a group. Uses survivor interviews, memoirs, and first-person accounts, and traces the transgenerational psychological burden the genocide left on the Armenian nation.
Minasyan analyses how the Artsakh conflict has been discussed at the summits of Turkic-speaking states and inside the Turkic Council and its successor, the Organization of Turkic States, and what positions the Turkic-speaking republics have actually taken. She treats the OTS as the institutional vehicle of Turkic integration and argues that as that integration deepens, pressure on Armenia and Artsakh grows. For the earlier decades she finds that Türkiye and Azerbaijan tried to give the conflict a pan-Turkic character and assemble a united anti-Armenian front, but the Central Asian republics largely held to neutrality. After the 44-day war Türkiye accelerated Turkic integration across political, economic, educational, cultural, security and information domains.
This article examines the Social Democrat Hunchakian Party's approach to the restoration and preservation of Armenian statehood in the critical years 1918-1921. Hovhannisyan traces the party's positions primarily through its organ Young Armenia and the writings of ideologue Stepan Sapah-Gyulyan. The study analyzes how international political events, the Paris Peace Assembly, the mandate discussions, and the resurgence of Russian power, shaped Hunchakian assessments of the Republic of Armenia's prospects. It follows the party's evolving stance from the First Republic through the establishment of Soviet Armenia, showing how regional threats forced pragmatic recalculations of the statehood question. Hovhannisyan draws explicit historical parallels between the dilemmas of 1918-1921 and contemporary challenges facing Armenian statehood. The article was translated from Armenian by Gevorg Harutyunyan and is freely available.
Reconstructs an exceptional episode of Armenian self-defense during the second phase of the Genocide: the armed resistance of Zeitun deportees in a caravan driven into the desert after the Der Zor camp was liquidated in summer 1916. Tatoyan works from survivor testimony, above all the unpublished memoir of Tigran Makaryan held in AGMI's holdings, cross-checked against Garegin Hovhannisyan, Nazareth Muradyan and Aram Andonian. He establishes that the resistance broke out in early August 1916 at the Shedadieh camp, triggered by attempted conscription of men into labor battalions, and lasted two or three days before being crushed. Roughly 100–120 Armenian men took part, about a third armed; suppression required 200 mounted gendarmes plus auxiliary bands, and Der Zor governor Salih Zeki directed it personally.
Drawing on archival sources, houshamatyans and survivor testimony collections, Kazaryan reconstructs events of 1914–1915 in the Keghi sub-district of Erzerum province. She traces the Ottoman government's persecutory policy against the local Armenians, the methods used to carry out the deportation, the violence inflicted along the route, and the principal massacre sites. Her argument is methodological as well as documentary: studying deportation and annihilation at the level of individual districts, and even single villages, yields a fuller understanding of how the Genocide was actually implemented.
A workshop of Armenian silversmiths active in Kesaria (Kayseri) in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries produced repoussé silver covers for religious manuscripts, liturgical objects and luxury household ware. Nearly seventy objects from the workshop have been identified, about a third bearing the silversmith's name plus date and place of production. Merian summarizes the workshop's history, surveys its output and the iconographic sources behind it, and introduces newly identified pieces, a dish and bowl set at the Manoogian Museum, confirming the attribution through materials, technique and style. She identifies the unexpected models behind their motifs, including Dutch woodcuts.
The lawcodes in use in Cilician Armenia, those of Mkhitar Gosh and Smbat the Constable, contain many definitions of violence that need to be read in their medieval context. Gevorgyan concentrates on violence as defined under matrimonial law and in the ordinary run of domestic and social relations. He asks what examples of the legal definition of violence the Cilician sources actually give, how those cases were framed juridically, and what the formulations reveal about the multi-confessional, multi-ethnic coexistence of daily life in Cilicia.
Surveys Armenian amulet scrolls (hmayil) preserved in cultural institutions and private collections in Paris. Ghazaryan works through the etymology of the term and its variants, identifies the principal Parisian holdings: including the Bibliothèque nationale de France, the Basmadjian collection and Janine Altounian's collection, and reports on the physical condition of the scrolls. He sorts the amulets' miniatures (fifteenth to nineteenth centuries) into five iconographic groups, including unusual subjects such as Saint Cyprian, the Wise and Foolish Virgins, and the Evil Eagle.
Drawing on the Anonymous of Edessa and Kamal ad-Din Ibn al-Adim, the article reconstructs how in 1208–1209, at King Levon's request, al-Malik al-Adil wrote to Kay Khosrov and al-Malik al-Zahir pressing them to make peace with the Armenian side. The resulting settlement halted the joint Seljuk-Ayyubid offensive against Cilicia, at the price of Armenian concessions. Levon honoured only the commitment to the Sultanate of Iconium, and his ambition in Antioch was realized in 1216. Ter-Ghevondian argues the exchange was not an isolated episode but evidence of sustained monarch-level relations between Egypt and Cilician Armenia.
Before 1267 a certain Gregory of Jerusalem compiled an Armenian collection of philosophical texts whose core is 365 definitions covering logic, natural philosophy, ethics and epistemology, translated from a lost or unidentified Greek collection. Definitions are variously ascribed to Plato, Aristotle and the Stoics. Muradyan traces parallels for 175 of the Armenian definitions and presents 25 that correspond, sometimes as literal translations, to the pseudo-Platonic Horoi, plus three parallels with authentic Plato. She also notes that a passage translated from the Timaeus differs from the known medieval Armenian version.
The authors analyze German colonial policy toward the Herero and Nama in German South-West Africa as a genocide: an intentional extermination campaign of 1904–1908 conducted through forced expulsions, mass killings and labor camps. They trace Germany's long denial, the reparations negotiations begun in 2015, and the eventual acknowledgment of the crimes, noting that the terms of compensation remain contested. The Herero case is distinctive because General von Trotha openly declared a war of extermination, making genocidal intent explicit in a way rarely documented. The article draws parallels to the Holocaust and to the Armenian Genocide: forced marches into the desert, death by deprivation.
Reconstructs an episode in the history of the Armenian community of Manchester during the pastorate of Ghevond Vardapet Pirghalemian (1873–78), a philologist, poet, traveller and church figure from Vaspurakan. Drawing on the period press, Melkonyan examines intra-community disputes, cultural and social activity, and community attitudes toward their pastor. Using Pirghalemian's own notes and colophons, she also documents the works he composed or arranged while in Manchester: a dictionary of provincial words, a collection of seals, a chronology, and volumes of Armenian colophons, and locates several long thought lost in the National Archives of Armenia and the Matenadaran.
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